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| Crop Update - 6/28/2007 | |||
| Back to the Lake Erie Regional Grape Program Home Page | |||
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UPCOMING EVENTS REMINDER:
American Society for Enology and Viticulture Eastern Section Annual Conference and Symposium (http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/fst/asev/) Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania July 15-17, 2007 click here for the agenda, short information and bus tour information - pdf format |
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| Grape Integrated Pest Management | Tim Weigle |
Weed of the Week
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A hard to control weed was recently brought to our attention by Bob & Dawn Betts. Initial stabs at identification were made with none of them being correct. Ted Taft Jr. of the Fredonia Vineyard Lab research staff was finally able to correctly identify the plant as Hairy Willow Weed (or Hairy Willow Herb) an invasive species from Eurasia and North Africa that has spread in the US from Maine to Wisconsin and South from Illinois to Maryland. The State of Washington has also not escaped this weed. You will find that Hairy Willow Herb (you will find the most information if you are searching the web calling it a herb rather than a weed) is more of a problem in wet areas in and around the vineyard. If you have a great deal of this weed it may be a good indicator that wet feet may be a limiting factor in maximizing tonnage from that vineyard block. For more information
on identification of this weed you can go to the following web site
http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/invasivetutorial/hairy_willow_herb.htm If you have a weed, insect, disease or malady that you find in your vineyard that you are having trouble identifying, feel free to drop it by the office and we will give it a look. With the warm, dry weather we have experienced so far this growing season we are seeing a number of things in the vineyard that we do not see every year. |
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Phenology
Kelly Link of the Fredonia Vineyard Lab research staff provided us with
the results of the annual collection of set data:
| FREDONIA: | West Tier | |
| Own/Rooted: ave. berries = 28; set = 24% (26 year average = 42 berries, 35% set) | ||
| Grafted: ave. berries = 40; set = 31% (26 year average = 38 berries, 38% set) | ||
| Total average berries = 34 (39 in 2006, 46 in 2005, 30 in 2004) | ||
| Total average set = 28% (27% in 2006, 47% in 2005, 27% in 2004) | ||
| PORTLAND: | Gravel Soil - average berries = 35; average set = 24% | |
| Heavy Soil - average berries = 28; average set = 20% | ||
| Total average berries = 32 | ||
| Total average set = 22% | ||
| You can see by the numbers that percent set and average number of berries varies according to site and own-rooted vs grafted. This is a good reminder that the same type of variability is occurring in your various vineyard blocks. Do not treat your vineyard operation as a single unit (unless of course you have a small vineyard operation with a single block). Make sure you know what is happening in each individual block and make management decisions on a block basis rather than an overall vineyard basis. | ||
| In the Vineyard | Andy Muza |
Concord and Niagara berries are pea size or larger in vineyards examined. Insect and disease levels observed are still low at most sites but were building slightly in a few blocks. Scout to determine where pest levels are at in your blocks. At this point, weeds are my biggest concern in vineyards across the belt. Good weed management is important every year but becomes critical in dry years. Check vineyard blocks frequently throughout the season to determine if/when postemergent herbicide applications are needed. In order to achieve good coverage and results with burn down materials apply when weeds are less than 6" high.
Insects and Diseases observed in vineyards this week include:
| Grape berry moth - Concord and Niagara berries are now large enough for GBM larvae to feed internally. Red discoloration of green Concord berries due to GBM feeding was observed this week. | |
 Grape berry moth feeding injury (red colored Concord berry) |
 Grape berry moth feeding injury (red colored Concord berry) |
| Japanese Beetle - observed in vineyards for the first time this season. Last season Japanese beetle populations were very high across the Lake Erie Grape Belt and throughout the eastern U.S. Insecticide applications were necessary not only in certain wine variety blocks and young vineyards but also in some mature Niagara and Concord vineyards. Hopefully the wet fall reduced population levels and sprays will not be needed this season. In most seasons insecticide applications specifically for Japanese beetles are not needed in mature Concord vineyards. | |
| Grape leafhopper - the number of leafhopper nymphs (i.e., wingless, immature stages) were increasing in a vineyard where no insecticides had been applied. If you have not applied any insecticide this season then scout blocks to determine leafhopper populations. The majority of blocks examined had very low levels of GLH feeding. | 
Leaf feeding (stippling) caused by grape leafhopper nymphs |
| Rose Chafer - only a few rose chafers observed. Berries have sized enough in Concord and Niagara vineyards that no more feeding will occur in clusters and leaf feeding will be minimal. | |
| Powdery mildew - observed on Concord berries and pedicels for the first time this season. However, powdery mildew levels were low in most blocks and symptoms were seen only on a handful of clusters and a few leaves. Wine variety blocks susceptible to powdery mildew should remain on a tight schedule for management of this disease. | |
| Black rot - lesions were observed on leaves in one vineyard where no effective fungicides for this disease have been applied. No black rot symptoms have been seen yet on berries in any vineyard examined. | |
Refer to the 2007 New York and Pennsylvania Pest Management Guidelines for Grapes for varietal susceptibilities to diseases (page 15) and to determine the most effective fungicides and rates for diseases.
| Update from North East, PA | Bryan Hed |
| Here is a brief update from North East PA. |
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Weather: |
| Phenology: Concord and Niagara berries at our location by the lake are just over 6 mm in diameter. Concord berries in a vineyard just south of I 90 (about two and a half miles inland) are at pea size (8 mm). |
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Diseases: |
| Weather Facts | Tim Weigle and Edith Byrne |
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| The weather proverb from the Farmer's Almanac this week is: |
| Warm and nice, but the lake's still like ice . . . |
Sustainable Viticulture Workbook Project
We continue to hear from growers and are still asking for more volunteers to go through the workbook, answering the questions that pertain to them (and let us know what questions do not pertain to their operation)! Please let us know if you are interested by emailing Edith (emb35@cornell.edu or grape@netsync.net)! We would love to hear from you.
Update - We have met with growers from Chautauqua, Niagara, Cattaraugus Counties in New York and several growers from PA. for this project which is a cooperative effort of growers, processors, the Finger Lakes Regional Grape Program, Long Island Grape Program and the Lake Erie Regional Grape Program.
Going over the questions in the workbook typically takes about 90 minutes. Depending on your operation and the type of grapes you are growing doesn't make any difference either - we are interested in everyone's input, no matter how many acres you have. Once you have completed the first phase of going through the workbook and answering the questions scaled from 1 (best practice) to 4 (should look at this practice to see if it can be improved), a follow-up visit is scheduled with a member of the SWCD from your county (they have the money to help with cost sharing) to discuss how you might be able to move the practices that received a rating of 4 to a rating closer to 1 - this is the Action Plan meeting.
The workbook questions are painless, self-reflective and the comments made by growers' are very positive - including how going over the questions makes them think about their total operation, or how they might be able to do or think about something differently, etc.
We have appointments set up with more growers through the month for both the workbook portion and Action Plan meetings... If you are interested in working with us on this project please send Edith an email or give her a call at 716.672.6830 so she can schedule an appointment with you.
Lake Erie Regional Grape Program Extension Team Members:
| Andy Muza | Extension Agent, Erie County, PA Cooperative Extension | (814) 825-0900 |
| Tim Weigle | Sr. Area Extension Educator, Grape IPM | (716) 672-6830 |
| For
any questions or comments on the format of this update please contact Tim Weigle at: timweigl@netsync.net |
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The Lake Erie Regional Grape Program Website is maintained by the NYS Grape IPM Program |
| 412 E. Main Street, Fredonia, N.Y. 14063 | Telephone: 716-672-5296 | E-mail: Webmaster |