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| Crop Update - 7/19/2007 | |||
| Back to the Lake Erie Regional Grape Program Home Page | |||
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UPCOMING EVENTS REMINDER:
Cornell to host Fruit Field Day on July 25 Cornell University will host the 2007 Fruit Field Day and Equipment Show at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, NY, on Wednesday, July 25, from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. This is one of several events that commemorate the 125th anniversary of the Experiment Station, which opened its doors on March 1, 1882. For additional information, contact Nancy Long at 315-787-2288
or NPL1@cornell.edu. |
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| Grape Integrated Pest Management | Tim Weigle |
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How Many Is Too Many? Japanese Beetle continue to be the most obvious insect pest in Lake Erie region vineyards. Japanese Beetle are typically not a problem in area Labrusca vineyards where the multiple layers of leaves has the leaf to fruit ratio leaning heavily in favor of the leaves. However, this year we are seeing a combination of much heavier pressure from Japanese Beetle, a moderate drought situation (which we are getting a reprieve from today with some decent rainfall) and vineyards being pushed with much heavier than average crop size. It is up to you to monitor your vineyard blocks to determine whether or not they are at risk from JB feeding. Keep in mind that the damage from JB comes from removal of leaf surface so it can reduce the photosynthetic capacity of the vine, not from any direct feeding on the clusters, berries or roots of the vine. Wine grape varieties are particularly susceptible to leaf removal from JB as they seem to prefer the smooth-leaved varieties and can inflict a great deal of damage in a short amount of time. If you have new vineyards with grow tubes you should take the time to get out and check inside the tubes as JB have been known to use these as shelters for undisturbed feeding. |
 Japanese beetle swarm |
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Hail Damage We got reports and have seen evidence of hail damage from the storm fronts that moved through the area last Thursday night. The area around Milestrip Road in Erie County, NY has some major damage while areas from Sheridan to Silver Creek had hit and miss damage. We saw shoot and leaf damage (shredding of leaves and holes in the leaves) as well as berry damage in these areas. If there is good news from this is that we are still at a point in the growing season where the berries that were affected should heal over or fall off. We are often asked if there is a need for a fungicide application after a hail event. There is no evidence that a fungicide application at this point in the season will be of any value or that the hail damage itself will produce any increase in disease. It is something to keep in mind while you are scouting for grape berry moth (GBM) as some of the hail damage, particularly in the red varieties, could be mistaken for GBM damage at first glance. |
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 Grape Berry Moth (July) Damage |
 Hail damage, Concord cluster (above)  Hail damage, Concord leaves (above) |
| In the Vineyard | Andy Muza |
| Except for increasing numbers of Japanese beetles across the Lake Erie Grape Belt, the disease levels and other insect pest populations have been low at many sites. This week some areas have received much needed rainfall but these rains initiated disease infection periods (e.g., downy mildew, black rot). Monitor vineyards, especially blocks with a history of disease problems, for symptoms during the next 2 - 3 weeks. The rainfall will also initiate weed growth so keep examining vineyards to determine if spot spraying is needed. During herbicide applications take precautions to avoid drift to prevent phytotoxicity to grape foliage. | |
 Herbicide injury on Chambourcin leaves |
 Herbicide injury on Concord leaves |
| Insects and Diseases observed in vineyards this week include: | |
Grape berry moth - So far, feeding injury remains low at sites examined even at high risk sites. However, again this week, at one severe risk site for GBM the feeding injury on Concord berries is increasing. This serves as an indicator that GBM populations are increasing at some sites and the potential exists for late season problems at high risk sites. |
 Grape berry moth injury on Concord berries |
| Japanese Beetle - JB population levels and feeding injury have increased across the belt in Concord, Niagara and wine variety blocks. JB numbers can be concentrated in certain areas in the vineyard resulting in pockets of high leaf injury. Scout blocks thoroughly to determine overall extent of injury in the block to determine if a spray is needed. | |
 Japanese beetle feeding injury on Concord leaf |
 Japenese beetle injury on Traminette leaves |
| Powdery mildew - only occasional clusters with powdery mildew were observed at Concord and Niagara sites checked. At this point Concord berries are resistant to new infections. Small colonies of PM can be observed on Concord leaves but overall the percentage of leaves showing symptoms is low. Susceptible hybrid cultivars and V. vinifera varieties should continue to be sprayed throughout the season. | |
 Powdery mildew on Concord cluster |
 Powdery mildew colonies on Concord leaf |
| Downy mildew - symptoms were observed on Concord berries and leaves in a vineyard block which has received no effective fungicides for this disease. Otherwise very little downy has been observed in other blocks. An increase in thunderstorms across the belt could initiate infections in blocks especially in highly susceptible varieties (e.g., Chancellor, Fredonia, Niagara, Cabernet Franc, etc.). | |
 Downy Mildew on Concord cluster |
 Downy mildew on Concord leaf |
| Refer to the 2007 New York and Pennsylvania Pest Management Guidelines for Grapes for varietal susceptibilities to diseases (page 15) and to determine the most effective fungicides and rates for diseases. | |
| Update from North East, PA | Bryan Hed |
| Here is a brief update from the lakeshore in North East PA. |
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Weather: |
| Phenology: On July 17 (just before nearly 3 inches of rain fell), Concord berries at our location by the lake were averaging 15.5 mm in diameter and just under 2 grams in weight. |
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Diseases: We are about 4-5 weeks post bloom for Concord and Niagara and berries of these varieties should be immune to powdery mildew and developing a fair amount of resistance to black rot. In addition, the previous 4 weeks of dry weather (during the most critical time for fruit infection ) have left most vineyards relatively free of black rot fruit rot and in these cases, the risk of economic damage from this disease due to the latest infection events, is very low. For wine grape growers, the nearly 3 inches or rain we just received has removed all but the most rain fast of materials. Fruit of wine varieties should have developed a fair amount of resistance to powdery and downy mildew but clusters of some wine varieties may still carry a degree of susceptibility to these diseases, and the latest rain events have generated the threat of downy mildew leaf infections for growers of Niagara, Catawba, and other wine varieties. Be on the lookout for downy mildew leaf infections from the latest infection events. Phosphorous acid products like Prophyt and Phostrol will provide good post infection control of downy mildew. Scouting areas of your vineyard starting with those blocks that you know to be most prone to disease development is an efficient way to determine your level of risk and either resist the urge to make unnecessary fungicide applications or prevent economic damage to your crop. |
| Weather Facts | Tim Weigle and Edith Byrne |
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Sustainable Viticulture Workbook Project
We continue to hear from growers and are still asking for more volunteers to go through the workbook, answering the questions that pertain to them (and let us know what questions do not pertain to their operation)! Please let us know if you are interested by emailing Edith (emb35@cornell.edu or grape@netsync.net)! We would love to hear from you.
Update - We have met with growers from Chautauqua, Niagara, Cattaraugus Counties in New York and several growers from PA. for this project which is a cooperative effort of growers, processors, the Finger Lakes Regional Grape Program, Long Island Grape Program and the Lake Erie Regional Grape Program.
Going over the questions in the workbook typically takes about 90 minutes. Depending on your operation and the type of grapes you are growing doesn't make any difference either - we are interested in everyone's input, no matter how many acres you have. Once you have completed the first phase of going through the workbook and answering the questions scaled from 1 (best practice) to 4 (should look at this practice to see if it can be improved), a follow-up visit is scheduled with a member of the SWCD from your county (they have the money to help with cost sharing) to discuss how you might be able to move the practices that received a rating of 4 to a rating closer to 1 - this is the Action Plan meeting.
The workbook questions are painless, self-reflective and the comments made by growers' are very positive - including how going over the questions makes them think about their total operation, or how they might be able to do or think about something differently, etc.
We have appointments set up with more growers through the month for both the workbook portion and Action Plan meetings... If you are interested in working with us on this project please send Edith an e-mail or give her a call at 716.672.6830 so she can schedule an appointment with you.
Lake Erie Regional Grape Program Extension Team Members:
| Andy Muza | Extension Agent, Erie County, PA Cooperative Extension | (814) 825-0900 |
| Tim Weigle | Sr. Area Extension Educator, Grape IPM | (716) 672-6830 |
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any questions or comments on the format of this update please contact Tim Weigle at: timweigl@netsync.net |
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The Lake Erie Regional Grape Program Website is maintained by the NYS Grape IPM Program |
| 412 E. Main Street, Fredonia, N.Y. 14063 | Telephone: 716-672-5296 | E-mail: Webmaster |